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The
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AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF POLICE SCIENCE:
"1951 - pp.
713-714 -
Book Review, Marihuana in Latin America,
by Pablo Wolff.
MARIHUANA
IN LATIN AMERICA. THE THREAT IT
CONSTITUTES.
By Pablo Osvaldo
Wolff, M.D. Ph.D., M.A. The Linacre Press, Inc., Washington 6, D. C. 1949.
$1.50.
In
an introductory foreword to this book, Mr. Harry J. Anslinger, U. S.
Commissioner of Narcotics and U. S. Representative on United Nations
Commissioner on Narcotic Drugs, states that this book is not only interesting to
Latin American persons, but to any one who is in any way concerned with the
question of whether or not this drug is pernicious and whether or not there is
any relationship between marihuana and delinquency and criminology.
He states that the book throws important light on this phase of the
subject.
In
reading the book, we are completely convinced of the validity of Mr. Anslinger's
remarks. Much has been written pro
and con relative to the effect of marihuana on the human subject.
Some of the literature has been compiled by officials of penal
institutions, who, in many cases, deny that the use of marihuana has had any
effect on the presence of many inmates in these institutions.
The author complained about the conclusions drawn by the LaGuardia
Committee because the observations were made in courts, clinics, or prisons.
He makes a point that it is the nature of criminal Pendencies not to
manifest themselves in the hospital nor the outpatients department nor at the
judicial cross-examination. Neither
are the experimental conditions correct when prisoners are given marihuana to
smoke in surroundings of rigid discipline, instead of the bad, but free,
environment to which they accustomed. The
author carefully explains throughout the book that marihuana smothers only react
freely when they are in their own surroundings, safeguarded from alien
observations and vigilance. It is
also clear that it is not exactly in prison that antisocial conduct can be
noted. The same individual, or at
least a large number of them, who were allowed only small amounts of the drug
under supervision, and thus did not pass beyond the enjoyment stage, would
probably have given free rein to their real inclinations had they been in
complete liberty. The LaGuardia
opinion is in marked contrast to that of the other authors, also North Americans
and of wide experience, who fully confirmed the criminal influence exerted over
many individuals by marihuana. Mr.
F. R. Gomila, Commissioner of Public Safety, City of New Orleans, stated that
that City experienced a crime wave which undoubtedly was greatly aggravated by
the influence of the marihuana habit. District
Attorney E. Stanley ratified this opinion, likewise confirmed by various
judicial authorities.
Wolff
also points out that the LaGuardia Committee made
another error in stating that "marihuana itself has no specific stimulant
effect in regard to sexual desires," and that the parties of
marihuana addicts do not in any way constitute preludes to sexual orgies.
Other investigators speak of indescribable scenes in which all present
lose event the last feeling of inhibition.
Mendonca makes special reference to the fact that, when the intoxication
is at its peak, marihuana produces the psychic state of a Don Juan, with sexual
hyperaesthesia, and decline of the ethic ego, so that there is a predisposition
to sexual offenses. This is the
conclusion of Brazilian prison inmates themselves.
Wolff
also cites another group in Mexico who believe that marihuana is innocuous.
Their observations were made at the hospital for drug addicts directed by
Dr. Leopoldo Salazar Viniegra. Dr.
Segura Millan, of the Public Health Department of Mexico, agrees with Viniegra,
but Wolff makes the same objection to their testimony as he does to the
LaGuardia testimony. Segura Millan
himself provides us with evidence to the contrary when he refers to the
excitation of those he observed, etc. Some
of the marihuana addicts themselves whom he used in his experiments state that
in general, the drug brutalizes them, that, when using it in combination with
alcohol they become "scrappy," irritable, and quarrelsome, and that it
excites them "like madmen."
The
monograph in general is a very authoritative manual of the drug, the plant from
which it comes, and the citations of numerous cases of addicts who have done
damage to themselves and to society by the use of it.
The writer particularly emphasizes the "collective" method of
smoking by a number of people in concert who give way to innumerable actions
indicative of intoxication from this weed.
We
believe that Dr. Wolff has made an excellent report and has presented the true f
acts about marihuana, not only in Latin America but in all countries where it is
used. This is the most-complete
exposition of this subject which we have had an opportunity to read.
St. Louis, Mo.
R. B. H. GRADWOHL
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