Army Study of Marihuana Smokers Points to Better Ways of Treatment

“you get hot and you feel that you’re going to freeze. You like to go to one of those freaky dens where you can look at bodies sprawled out. You want to listen to the frantic tom-tom of the Duke. . . “ 

The soldier’s face wore an ecstatic statement. In a low, dreamy whisper, he continued: “The Army’s all right as long as I keep my stuff on hand. I can’t live without it.” 

Doctors diagnosed the case as drug addiction (Cannabis sativa, or marihuana) and confined the man to the Army Air Forces regional Station hospital, March Field, Calif. There he became one of a group of 35 confirmed marihuana smokers, subjects of an intensive seven-month Army medical study. This was probably the first intimate scientific investigation, either of a civilian or military nature, of the cause and treatment of this little understood habit. 

Last week in the magazine War Medicine, two of the hospital’s psychiatrist, Capt. Eli Marcovitz and Capt. Henry J. Myers, made their first official report on the experiment. It added up to the fact that marihuana smoking a notoriously troublesome civilian problem, becomes even more serious when combined with military service. “In effect,” the doctors reported, “the soldiers felt and acted like enemy aliens toward society.” 

The Reefer Men: Of the experimental group 34 were Negroes and one was white. They were referred to the hospital’s neuropschiatric service because of (1) chronic physical complaints, chiefly headaches; (2) intoxication, with uncontrolled behavior or a state of near-stupor; (3) open demands to superior officers that they be given passes to go out for marihuana; (4) violence or self-mutilating action (mainly wrist-slashing) in the guard house.  

As a group, the soldiers had civilian histories packed with adverse family, social and economic factors. Only five had graduated from high school. For 24 there were records of arrests and sentences to reform schools and jails. The offenses ranged from assault to burglary, drunkenness, vagrancy, and carrying concealed weapons. 

Of 32 subjects seventeen were single and fifteen married men were either separated or divorced. In most cases sexual activity began as early as 13 or 14 years. 

Many of the soldiers had never worked at all. Some were supported by their women friends and some by gambling or drug peddling. One had had twenty jobs in three years. Another, who had never held a job longer than a month, said: I ain’t for working.” 

The marihuana Personality: Unlike alcoholics, these marihuana users showed no sense of guilt or remorse. They were indifferent to opinion, and they frequently tried to persuade the doctors that they and other “squares” (non-users) ought to try marihuana because they were missing "“he greatest thing in life." 

A great many of them attempted to form a compensatory image of themselves as superior people. “I could be a general like MacArthur,” one asserted. “He looks smooth -- like he’s high all the time.” 

Toward women their attitude combined indifference with extreme promiscuity. Most of them said they would take marihuana instead of girls if they had to make a choice. On the other hand, some spoke glowingly of the “reefer pads” (marihuana dens) and the freakish women” there -- women who, with or without drugs, were uninhibited sexually. Some said frankly that marihuana increased their feeling of sexual potency. “After you smoke it,” said one, “you feel that no woman can resist you.” 

In civilian life the men were unable to stand frustration, deprivation, or authority. Their response to such situations was “explosive aggression.” Even though some began their Army service with attempts to be good soldiers the old patterns reasserted themselves. Either their “smoking” increased or they ran into trouble with their superiors. 

Bad Soldiers: In addition to inadequate performance, there was the problem of discipline in the marihuana group. Many could not stand being reprimanded. 

Commanding officers’ reports included these quotes: “A potentially dangerous man, under constant observation for untoward behavior.” “It is difficult to assign him to a duty which he will fulfill without continued prodding.” 

The Way Out: In the hospital these men revealed “the usual behavior of the outlaw who rejects and rebels against the authority from which he really wants love and of which he longs to be a part." 

After a few weeks of sedatives, certain freedoms, and sympathetic encouragement, “hostility diminished and they showed evidence of better rapport.” They were still not able or willing to do any useful work in the wards. But there was sufficient change in their attitude to make it seem reasonable that a patient, long-term therapeutic program carried out under favorable conditions might  

 

Reefer Madness - NEWSWEEK (PART 2)

This time Marihuana causes its addicts to: 

(+) “Grow careless about personal hygiene”

(+) To have “Sex of a Perverse Nature”

(+) To temporary insanity 

Public Health Service officials, say “The drug is more harmful than opium”. Etc., etc., blah, blah, blah. 

 

Newsweek, Novermber 18,1946 page 70

MEDICINE -Marijuana and Mentality

Although only 700 to 800 persons are arrested each year in the United States for using Marijuana, the drug’s reputation as a public menace has touched off a bitter medical controversy. 

When a marijuana committee appointed by former Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia of New York city announced in 1945 that the drug’s dangers were greatly overrated, the American Medical Association called the report “thoroughly unscientific” and charged it with doing “great damage.” Acting as umpire, he Treasury’s Bureau of Narcotics admitted that the use of marijuana had fallen off slightly since 1940 (18,500 marijuana reefers were confiscated in 1940, 17,000 in 1945), but warned that the drug was still “an important cause of crime.” 

Last summer, the United States Public Health Service decided to conduct its own marijuana experiment at the USPHS hospital at Lexington Ky. Six addicts, ranging in age from 24 to 33, were allowed to smoke a daily average of 17 reefers supplied by the Bureau of Narcotics for a period of 39 days. 

At first, the marijuana smokers showed extreme exhilaration. They talked, laughed, and pranced about the room. Later they began to complain of headaches, dry mouths, irritated throats, and swollen eyelids. After a few days, they grew lethargic and careless about personal hygiene. None became violent, but most of them sulked when subjected to exhaustive mental and physical test. 

From the USPHS experiment came these significant medical facts:

(+) The senses of touch, smell, and sight were not affected by marijuana.

(+) Body temperature and pulse rate decreased; weight increased slightly.

(+) Although mental vigor increased, intelligence rating fell.

(+) Musical ability was not improved, although most patients thought so while under the drug’s influence. This confirms other medical opinions on the effect of marijuana on musical talent (NEWSWEEK, Oct. 28 1946).

(+)After the first burst of exhilaration, patients lost interest in work and spent most of their time sleeping.

(+) With prolonged usage of the drug patients developed a tolerance to it but gave no definite proof that it is habit-forming. 

As for the relation of marijuana to crime and insanity, the Public Health Service officials pointed out last week to Newsweek; “Although the drug lessens inhibitions, it does not incite normally law-abiding people to crime. Most addicts are people with unstable backgrounds –poverty, broken homes, or criminal records – and for them, marijuana may increase the chance for crime. The drug is more harmful than habit-forming opium in inducing fits of temporary insanity, but it seldom leads to permanent derangement.” 

In the various studies, no definite conclusion seems to have been reached on the aphrodisiac qualities of marijuana. The general opinion indicates that the drug causes a release of all inhibitions, similar to that of alcohol through more intense. In other words, marijuana may not actually stimulate the sex centers. But it dulls the higher centers which control sexual behavior and in may cases, sex activity of a perverse nature results.

Reefer Madness – Newsweek (Part 3)  

 

 

 

 

Book Review:

The History of Marihuana - NEWSWEEK November 29, 1938:

In Texas and other ranching states, “loco Weed” nibblings sometimes causes horses, sheep, and cattle to chase about in giddy circles with tails flying. Several hundred million persons in Asia, Asia Minor, and Africa take “assyuni” or “dagga,” and the drug brings them exciting dreams. In Mexico and the United States, thrill seekers smoke a substance called “marihuana.”  

[Picture of a field of marihuana – Caption reads Marihuana: destroyer] 

But whatever the drug’s local name, it is most widely known as hashish and comes from cannabis, the hemp plant. 

The rise of hashish as a menace was told last week in MARIHUANA, AMERICA’S NEW DRUG PROBLEM, a book published by Dr. Robert P. Walton, professor of pharmacology at the University of Mississippi’s medical school. The study is more comprehensive than its title implies, for Dr. Walton gives a complete survey of the drug’s adverse effects on human beings, its medicinal value, and its history. 

Through most of the excitement about the use of marihuana in this country has arisen in the last few years, the problem is far from new; its noticeable use was first detected in New Orleans 28 years ago, and since then quantities of the drug have been seized in 31 states. 

Dr. Walton spiked several popular beliefs about the effects of marihuana. Although the drug is not commonly considered habit-forming, he reported that many smokers find it necessary to use more and more cigarettes. While admitting that “reefers” may cause some persons to commit sex crimes, the Mississippi physician believed this effect is overpublicized. And in commenting on the popular notion that many of the hottest swing musicians are “reefer” smokers, he reveals a distaste for jazz: “The wild, emotional character of performance can be intensified . . . This may represent improvement, although it would not be so acknowledged by an individual of cultivated musical appreciation ... "“(Marihuana, America'’ New Drug Problem. 195 pages, 81,000 words. Bibliography, index. Lippincott, Philadelphia, $3.) 

Below are two short articles (both by Newsweek) that run only 5 years apart.  

The first is a typical (Pre-World War II) reefer madness hit piece, “Marihuana addicts chopping people’s heads off” sort of thing. The second, (which run during the middle of the Second World War) reads like something out of the move “HEMP FOR VICTORY.” mentioning only towards the end that the Marihuana and the Hemp plant are one and the same.  

After the War, Newsweek goes back to using Marihuana addicts in its articles. I do not ask the reader to believe in conspiracies, but I do ask this question: “How is it possible for (essentially) the same editorial staff, to have run these two articles – without knowing that there was something fishy about the whole thing?” 

 

 

 

News Week August 14, 1937 -- SCIENCE (section)

MARIHUANA: New Federal Tax Hits Dealings in Potent Weed

Cannabis sativa, scraggly tramp of the vegetable world, grows with equal ease alongside Chinese railroad tracks, in Indianapolis’ vacant lots, and on Buenos Aires ash dumps. Birdseed manufacturers harvest the mature plant thresh out the seeds, and use them to restore molting pigeons to health. The plant’s fiber is twisted into rope and woven into cheap cloth. 

It was neither of these legitimate uses that impelled Representative Robert L. Doughton of North Carolina to introduce a bill imposing a transaction tax on commerce in the weed; he was interested in Cannabis sativa because it is a dangerous and devastating narcotic -- known to the Orient as hashish, to the Occident as marihuana. 

Through Turkish water pipes Indians and other Orientals for centuries have inhaled the acrid, tarry smoke of hashish. About a decade ago Negro musicians in New Orleans began drying and crushing the plant’s leaves and rolling them into cigarettes. Known variously as bennys, reefers, mary Warners, and muggles, these cigarettes spread over the United States; shoestring peddlers market them for a dime apiece. Recently, Negro bandmen have introduced them to London’s smart Mayfair. 

Nearly every State has enacted legislation curbing production, and enforcement agents have discovered cultivated plots growing in Maryland, in Brooklyn, N.Y., and even in the San Quentin prison lot. But curbing the traffic without Federal aid has proved all but impossible. Since few policemen know enough botany to recognize the wee, arrests for cultivation and sale are made almost entirely by narcotics squads of big-city police forces. Doughton’s measure -- which became law last week when President Roosevelt signed it -- imposes a tax on all transactions; since no peddler would be foolish enough to pay such a tax, he is instantly liable to a $2,000 fine or a five-year jail term, or both. 

Inhaling the smoke-- which is held in the lungs as long as possible -- impels some users to lassitude, others to violence. Generally, however, subjective reactions stick to one well-defined track: 

Half an hour after smoking a reefer, the subject becomes jovial, carefree, and capable of rare feats of strength, Hallucinations follow; space expands and time slows down; a minute seems like a day and a room looks like a place viewed from the large end of a pair of binoculars. This phase is valuable to hot-band players -- time distortion slows down everything and gives opportunity to crowd in a dozen cornet notes where previously there was only time for one. The third stage of intoxication is the dangerous one. The weed acts as a powerful aphrodisiac and renders users capable of various acts of violence; a California man decapitated his best friend while under the violent spell of the smoke, and a Florida youngster put the ax to his mother and father. 

No one can guess how widespread use of the narcotic is. Sensational press stories about its use in grade and high schools generally prove unfounded. New Your, the nation’s biggest consumer, jailed 42 users and sellers last year and has collared 37 so far this year. Main concern of narcotics squads, however, are the marihuana rings, wholesalers to agents. 

 

 

 

NewsWeek October 5, 1942 -- BUSINESS LABOR AGRICULTURE

Home-made imports.

hemp: Part of the cargo on the Mayflower was hemp seed. And, being the raw material for making rope and burlap, it was an important crop in this country all during the sailing-ship era. But about the turn of the century it was replaced by imports of Manila hemp, sisal, and jute from Africa and the Orient. 

Long-range planners now are looking to the future even thought present stockpiles will last until about 1944. Already the government has contracted for almost all the Haitian output of sisal, and that little republic is increasing its production. Last week the War Production board approved plans for planting in the United States 300,000 acres of hemp (the only one of the fibers which will grow in this climate) and building 71 processing mills. Plantings will be concentrated in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, with the processing plants in approximately the same areas. 

[[two pictures of workers cutting hemp straw - caption reads “War booms the hemp industry: Fresh-cut straw is made into sturdy fibers”]] 

This program should assure an adequate supply by the time stocks run out, for hemp is normally only a four-month crop. Farmers like it too, because it helps control weeds, needs no tending until harvest time, and leaves the soil in good condition. It is expensive, however. The seed is high, and it can’t be harvested without expensive equipment and experienced workers. And farmers have to have a license to plant the crop; the Department of Internal revenue controls the seed, because hemp is also the source of the narcotic marijuana.

American Journal of Nursing: (July 1936)

Mariahuana - By Victor Lewitus  

There is a plant which at present offers promise of adding its weight to our already overburdened narcotic problem. It is technically known as Cannabis indica, but is more commonly recognized as Indian hemp, hashish or mariahuana. It is also variously known, according to its manner of preparation, as bhang (the infusion), charas (the extracted resin), ganjah (as a tobacco), and majum (as a confection). The term mariahuana originates from the Mexican or South American Language in which the term connotes any substance which produces an intoxication, and the term hashish or hasheesh is partly represented in our own word “assassin.” The terms thus point to some of its deleterious properties. 

Although originally indigenous to India, Asia Minor, and Northern Africa, the drug has reached our shores where it grows in the wild state as Cannabis sativa. Recently it gained a place for itself in the newspaper columns because the New York police department discovered a lot in Brooklyn covered with the stuff. It was found on investigation that this “crop” was supplying the “needs” of a large number of soldiers on Governor’s Island who came easily into the habit of purchasing the stuff in order that they might make “reefers” for themselves. The officers noticed that their troops went “loco” and could not report for duty, and this lead the police to investigate, with the results referred to. 

The plant consists of an herb which reaches several feet above a man’s shoulders, bearing compound finger-like leaves which are conspicuously toothed, and flowers at the upper terminal ends in clusters. It contains an active resin which is optimum during the flowering stage--abundant in the female plant. 

At one time it was cultivated in many parts of the world and in our own country for its fiber from which rope, twine, and cloth was made and for this purpose it is still utilized in some localities. It has also been employed for its oil (from the seeds) which is quick drying as in linseed oil. The seeds themselves are widely used in bird foods of various types. Furthermore, the resinous principle has marked analgesic properties and for this reason it is used as a part of the formula of corn collodions since it readily allays pain. 

In the narcotic world, however, it is known as the “murderous” narcotic--a well-deserved caption for it is known that in the Orient bands of men under its influence have run amuck and perpetrated the most heinous crimes. The drug is used similarly to opium--often smoked, or chewed in the form of a sweetmeat. It produces hallucinations in which the mind is freed from all restraint. The imaginary experiences and sensations are intensely realistic and the victim of this narcosis finds delight in this, as if they were actual experiences. The reaction later reverses itself, and there is an imaginary suffering which finds statement in violent acts which often lead to a strong impulse to do great harm. It is during this stage that the desire to kill is greatest, and large groups of men have been known to engage in mortal combat under its influence. In large dosage, Cannabis may cause paralysis of the extremities, difficult breathing, and a feeling of impending death accompanied by that of uncontrollable terror. 

Fortunately, unlike most other narcotics, the drug is not known to cause a permanent addiction, for by abstinence the victim can be cured. Continual use, however, is known to produce a violent type of insanity which has brought to it the name “loco weed.” The subject will suddenly turn with murderous violence upon whomever is nearest to him. He will run amuck with knife, axe, gun, or anything else that is close at hand, and will kill or maim without any reason. After the sudden outburst wears away, the memory is left blank and the victims of these narcotic effects returns to normal. 

The federal laws do not include hashish in their regulations but many of the progressive states have embodied in their statutes, measures to prevent its cultivation, sales, and distribution promiscuously. Even thought it is not truly a “habit former” the danger of its widespread use, because of ease of cultivation, must not be overlooked. There have been some rumors as to its use by school children, which cannot be denied since it is easy to believe that these adolescents will “try anything once.” Strict control such as that provided in the Harrison Narcotic Act is the remedy in this instance. 

American Journal of Nursing (Aug 1938)

Dangerous Marihuana by Frederick T. Merrill

Only about ten years ago the use of marihuana for narcotic purposes was virtually unknown in this country except to the itinerant Mexican laborers of the Southwest. In the last six months a flood of publicity in the newspapers, magazines, and even movies has awaked the public to the fact that a dangerous narcotic is being used--and has been for several years--not only in certain circles of the underworld, but also in the high schools and colleges. 

The smoking of marihuana by adolescents is more widespread than most people realize. It has become a new fad, appealing to the curiosity and recklessness of youth. The greed of unscrupulous peddlers, the immense profits, the cheap price for which a marihuana cigarette retails, and the availability of supply from a plant that grows wild almost everywhere are all contributory reasons for its prevalent use. If the abuse of this narcotic drug is not stamped out at once, the cost in crime waves, wasted human lives, and insanity will be enormous. 

The word, “marihuana,” is both the Mexican-Indian slang word and the legal term for the portions of the plant Cannabis sativa L. which are thought to contain the narcotic element. In general, this applies to very nearly the entire male and female plant, although it is usually the flowering tops and leaves of the latter that contain the richest amounts of the narcotic principle. Because the plant is often known as Indian hemp and its stalk produces a fiber useful in making twines, ropes, and certain grades of paper, it is sometimes confused with other species of hemp. It has also been mistakenly identified with “loco weed.” 

The cannabis plant grows to a height of over twelve feet, but five to eight feet is more common. The stalk varies from one-half to two inches in thickness. The configuration of each leaf with its five or six leaflets resembles the human hand. Each leaflet, pointed at both ends, is from two to six inches in length and one inch in width. The male and female plants can be distinguished only when mature, the inconspicuous female flowers being found among the small leaves at the end of the branches. The male plant at maturity has very visible flowers which shed pollen profusely. The seeds may be dark in color or distinctly mottled; they are the size of a wheat kernel but nearly round. Under a microscope these seeds are particularly characteristic.  

To prepare marihuana for smoking, it is merely necessary to dry the flowering tops and leaves, crush into a coarse powder, and roll it into cigarettes. Under such names as “reefers,” “muggles,” “Indian hay,” “tea,” and “goof butts,” they are sold in poolrooms, dance halls, and other places where young people congregate, for prices ranging from ten to fifty cents. Some cigarettes are strong in narcotic content; others mild. The strongest sometimes contain enough narcotic poison to deal a knockout blow to the smoker, inducing a condition which may lead to all types of violent crimes and debauchery, about which the smoker probably will have no recollection later. Although it produces none of the addiction symptoms (the withdrawal phenomenon) which occur in morphine or heroin users, it does give rise to a craving and may very easily lead to morphine or heroin addiction. 

Individuals react differently toward equal doses of this narcotic, depending on their racial, physiological, and emotional constitution. The complete unpredictability of the effect of marihuana on any given individual makes its use in medicine worthless. It is this uncertain effect that makes it one of the most dangerous drugs known, for one dose may bring about acute intoxication, raving fits, and criminal assaults. 

The physical effects of smoking marihuana appear about an hour after consumption in the form of muscular trembling, acceleration of the pulse, dizziness, and sensation of cold in the hands and feet. Constrictions in the chest, dilation of the pupil of the eye, and muscular contraction follows. These physical reactions increase in intensity until either vomiting or complete stupefaction occurs. Restless sleep, accompanied by bizarre phantasmagoria, then overcomes the victim. 

The mental effects are more variable since the emotional and imaginative attitudes of the smoker are the major determining factors. The drug affects the entire nervous system, especially the higher nerve centers. Illusions, inordinate and senseless laughter, and a loss of spatial and temporal relations are the first effects observable. The auditory sense is particularly distorted, which accounts for the not infrequent use of marihuana by members of “hot” orchestras. Even in the earliest states of intoxication the will power is destroyed and inhibitions and restraints are released. The most harmful anti-social effects of the drug occur during the later stages. The intense over-excitement of the nerves and emotions leads to uncontrollable irritability and violent rages, which in most advance forms cause assault and murder. Amnesia often occurs, and the mania is frequently so acute that the heavy smoker becomes temporarily insane. Most authorities agree that permanent insanity can result from continued over-indulgence. 

The files of the United States Bureau of Narcotics contain many records of crimes committed by persons under the influence of marihuana. The drug is often used by petty criminals to bolster up their courage for contemplated crimes, for it gives the illusion of increased physical strength. As a result, these crimes are often violent ones. In other cases, an overdose of marihuana may be either the direct cause of a fatal automobile accident or a meaningless murder. It is important to note that juries and judges are not allowing pleas of marihuana intoxication as an extenuating circumstance for criminal acts committed under its influence. Both the peddler of the drug and the individual who commits a crime after smoking marihuana should receive maximum penalties if society is to be protected from crimes of this nature. 

Marihuana has been known for many centuries by the peoples of India and the Mediterranean littoral, mostly by such names as hashish, charas, bhang, or kif. It is at present subject to international restrictions in respect to its trade, while certain governments have legislated against its abuse. The United States congress passed a Marihuana Tax Act last summer, as the various state laws lacked uniformity and were providing loopholes for traffickers. The Act is an internal revenue measure, but indirectly it limits the use of the drug to proper medical channels. The taxation and registration provisions of the law publicizes the cultivation of the plant and makes its transfer extremely difficult. Illegal transfers are subject to heavy penalties, up to two years in jail. 

A new crop of marihuana will be harvested illicitly this fall in spite of the successful efforts state and federal authorities have been making in uprooting and destroying tons of the wild plant in all sections of the country. Those interested in the welfare of young people should be on their guard against its appearance in the form cigarettes in their neighborhood. Boys and girls of high school age and older should be told just how dangerous it is to try even one cigarette. Marihuana dives must be discovered and peddlers apprehended. An aroused public can do much to eradicate this evil.

This is a long article – But well worth the reading.  

 

 

The Reader’s Digest – February 1938 

Marijuana --- Assassin of Youth (Condensed from The American magazine)

H.F.Anslinger U.S. commissioner of Narcotics with Courtney Ryley cooper 

Not long ago the body of a young girl lay crushed on the sidewalk after a plunge from a Chicago apartment window. Everyone called it suicide, but actually it was murder. The killer was a narcotic known to America as marijuana, and to history as hashish. Used in the form of cigarettes, it is comparatively new to the United States and as a coiled rattlesnake.  

How many murders, suicides, robberies and maniacal deeds it causes each year, especially among the young, can only be conjectured. In numerous communities it thrives almost unmolested, largely because of official ignorance of its effects. 

Marijuana is the unknown quantity among narcotics. No one knows, when he smokes it, whether he will become a philosopher, a joyous reveler, a mad insensate, or a murderer. 

The young girl’s story is typical. She had heard the whisper which has gone the rounds of American youth about a new thrill, a cigarette with a “real kick” which gave wonderful reactions and no harmful aftereffects. With some friends she experimented at an evening smoking party. 

The results were weird. Some of the party went into paroxysms of laughter; others of mediocre musical ability became almost expert; the piano dinned constantly. Still others found themselves discussing weighty problems with remarkable clarity. The girl danced without fatigue throughout a night of inexplicable exhilaration. 

Other parties followed. Finally there came a gathering at a time when the girl was behind in her studies and greatly worried. Suddenly, as she was smoking, she thought of a solution to her school problems. Without hesitancy she walked to a window and leaped to her death. Thus madly can marijuana “solve” one’s difficulties. It gives few warnings of what it intends to do to the human brain. 

Last year a young marijuana addict was hanged in Baltimore for criminal assault on a ten-year old girl. In Chicago, two marijuana-smoking boys murdered a policeman. In Florida, police found a youth – staggering about in a human slaughterhouse. With an ax he had killed his father, mother, two brothers, and a sister. He had no recollection of having committed this multiple crime. Ordinarily a sane, rather quiet young man, he had become crazed from smoking marijuana. In at least two dozen comparatively recent cases of murder or degenerate sex attacks, marijuana proved to be a contributing cause. 

In Ohio a gang of seven addicts, all less than 20, were caught after a series of 38 holdups. The boys’ story was typical of conditions in many cities. One of them said they had first learned about “reefers” in high school, buying the cigarettes at hamburger stands, and from peddlers who hung around the school. He told of “booth joints” where you could get a cigarette and a sandwich for a quarter, and of the shabby apartments of women who provided the cigarettes and rooms where boys and girls might smoke them. 

His recollection of the crimes he had committed was hazy. “When you get to ‘floating,’ it’s hard to keep track of things. If I had killed somebody on one of those jobs, I’d never have known it. Sometimes it was over before I realized that I’d even been out of my room.” 

It is the useless destruction of youth which is so heartbreaking to all of us who labor in the field of narcotic suppression. The drug acts as an almost overpowering stimulant upon the immature brain. There are numerous cases on record like that of an Atlanta boy who robbed his father’s safe of thousands of dollars in jewelry and cash. Of high school age, this boy apparently had been headed for an honest career. Gradually, however, his father noticed in him spells of shakiness, succeeded by periods when the boy would assume a grandiose manner and engage in excessive laughter and extravagant conversation. When these actions finally were climaxed by robbery the father went at his son’s problem in earnest – and found the cause of it in a marijuana peddler who catered to school children. 

In Los Angeles a boy of 17 killed a policeman who had been his great friend. A girl of 15 ran away from home and was picked up with five young men in a marijuana den in Detroit. A Chicago mother, watching her daughter die as an indirect result of marijuana addiction, told officers that at least 50 of the girl’s friends were slaves of the narcotic. The same sort of report comes in from cities all over the country. In New Orleans, of 437 persons of varying ages arrested for a wide range of crimes, 125 were addicts. Of 37 murderers, 17 used marijuana. 

The weed was known to the ancient Greeks. Homer wrote that it made men forget their homes and turned them into swine. In Persia in 1090 was founded the military and religious order of the Assassins, whose history is one of cruelty and murder. Its members are confirmed users of hashish, taking their name from the Arabic “basbsbasbin.” It is hashish which causes Moros and Malays to “run amok” and engage in violent and bloody deeds. 

Although an ancient drug, the menace of marijuana is comparatively new to the United States. It came in from Mexico, and swept across the country with incredible speed. In 1931, the marijuana file of the United states narcotic Bureau was less than two inches thick. The traffic’s most rapid growth came in 1935 and 1936, and today our reports crowd many large cabinets. They indicate that high school students particularly are the prey of the reefer peddlers. 

Among those who first spread its use were musicians. They brought the habit northward with the surge of “hot” music demanding players of exceptional ability, especially in improvisation. Along the Mexican border and in southern seaport cities it had long been known that the drug has a strangely exhilarating effect upon the musical sensibilities. The musician who uses it finds that the musical beat seemingly comes to him quite slowly, thus allowing him to interpolate improvised notes with comparative ease. He does not realize that he is tapping the keys with a furious speed impossible for one in a normal state. 

Soon a song was written about the drug. Perhaps you remember: 

Have you seen

That funny reefer man?

He says he swam to China;

Any time he takes a notion.

He can walk across the ocean. 

It sounded funny. Dancing girls and boys pondered about “reefers” and learned that these cigarettes could make one accomplish the impossible. Sadly enough, they can – in the imagination. The girl who decided suddenly to elope with a boy she did not even know a few hours before, does so with the confident belief that this is a thoroughly logical action without the slightest possibility of disastrous consequences. Command a person “high” on “mu” or “muggles” to crawl on the floor and bark like a dog, and he will do it without a thought of the idiocy of the action. Everything, no matter how insane, becomes plausible. 

Reports from various sections indicate that the sale of marijuana has not yet passed into the hands of gangster syndicates. The supply is so vast that gangsters have found it difficult to dominate the source. It is to be hoped that the menace can be wiped out before they are able to do so. 

A big hardy weed, of the Indian hemp family, with serrated sword like leaves topped by bunchy small blooms, it grows wild in the West, and is cultivated in practically every state, in fields, gardens, vacant lots. In New York State alone, 200 tons of the growing weed were destroyed in 1936. A raid near La Fitte, Louisiana, resulted in the destruction of 500,000 plants. Similar raids have been conducted in Texas, New Jersey, Mississippi, Michigan and elsewhere. 

Every state except one has laws to cope with the traffic, but unfortunately there is no federal law dealing with it. Hence there is need for unceasing watchfulness by every local police department and by every civic organization. There should be campaigns of education in every school, so that children will not be deceived by the wiles of peddlers, but will know of the insanity, the disgrace, the horror which marijuana can bring to its victim. There must be constant enforcement and constant education against this enemy, which has a record of murder and terror running through the centuries.  

Copywrite 1937, The Crowell Pub. Co., 250 Park Ave., N.Y.C. (The American Magazine, July, 37)

Museum of Reefer Madness –

Antique (pre anti-Medical Cannabis laws) Medical List:

Updated July 07, 2001 

=== FOR INTERNAL AMMA MEMBERS onfiltered===

Please, Please, (at least for the time being) because this is a “work in progress” do not share this list with other-none AMMA members. Note, this is one of three such indexes, it is groups but type of manufacture of product, the second is sorted out by medical use of the product, and the third consists of historical stories. Example, the quack medicine man, how the brand name came about etc. 

See some of the pictures related to this index at the below web site:

http://www.conquestdesign.com/uncler/index.html 

= = = = = = =

MEDICAL USE CATEGORY INDEX: 

1. RAW CANNABIS

• Bulk Cannabis
• Hemp (Cannabis) Seeds
• Apothecary Jar’s (Bulk Container’s)
• Smoking Preparations

2. EXTERNAL MEDICINES

• Collodion’s / Corn Solvent/ Remedies
• Gonorrhea / anti-bacteria preparations

3. VETERINARY PREPARATIONS
4. MENSTRUAL (Cramps) PREPARATIONS

• FLUIDEXTRACTS:
• TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS

5. SEDATIVES / PAIN RELIEF:

• NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS - (ELIXIRS) SOLUTIONS:
• TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS

6. HYSTERIA./ NERVOUS TENSION
7. COUGHS AND COLDS
8. UNKNOWNS:

APENDIX A: - GLOSSARY:

APENDIX B: - PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

APENDIX C: - Classified-- Sources of Information 

 

 

================================== ================ ============

CANNABIS INDICA IN PHARMACEUTICALS

Generic / Proprietary (brand name) products containing Medical Cannabis: 

 

RAW CANNABIS

ABOUT BULK CANNABIS: (Editorial) 

Even before the beginning of the 19^th century (and well into the 20^th) it was a common practice for pharmacists to ask local farmers to grow Medical Marihuana (among other herbs) for them. The Marihuana would then either be sold in bulk form, or the pharmacists (who in many cases also run the local general store) would brew his own medicines in the back of the store. Thus technically speaking it can be said that there were literally hundreds if not thousands of pre-1937 manufactures of Medical Marihuana medicines.  

Bulk Marihuana was sometimes stored in large beatifically crafted display apothecary jars. The picture section has some examples; Note, the green one comes from a pharmacy in England, and the white ones were found in France.  

However, such practices were soon to come to an end. By the late 19^th century, “Brand Name Drugs” slowly began to replace locally grown products. People wanted the security and presumed superior quality that a “Brand Name” could give them.  

In addition the commonly held (but false) misconception that Medical Cannabis grown in India was somehow superior to the domestic product must also be taken into account. Note how even some “brand named” manufactures of bulk cannabis tins openly advertised the fact that there product originated in India.  

== CANNABIS (Generic name) (in RAW form)

• “CANNABIS INDICA” (a generic Name); Sold in bulk Tin’s by Squibb. As Advertised – US Pharmacopoeia: “The dried flowering tops of female plant of Cannabis sativa, grown in the East Indies, gathered while the fruit is yet undeveloped and while it is carrying the whole of its natural resin. We use select tops only, no stems. This hemp produces galenical preparations of a most satisfactory degree of activity.” Price 1Lb. $2.50; ½ lb. $1.29; ¼ lb. $0.67. Era – (??) (see picture)
• “CANNABIS U.S.P. (american) Sold in bulk by Parke Davis & Co. Detroit, Mich. As advertised in their “Complete (1927) Catalog of the products of the laboratories of Parke, Davis & Co.” Average dose, 10 mg (1/6 gr) In ½ oz. Jars, per oz $2.20 Standardized physiologically. Every package is stamped with the date of manufacture. This extract, prepared from the home-grown cannabis, is in every respect equal to that produced from the imported drug. Physiologic standardization introduced by Parke, Davis & Co.”
• “CANNABIS – By Lloyd Brothers Cincinnati Ohio, as advertised in their “Lloyd Brothers’ Bulletin – Winter 1915” sold in 4 oz., 8oz., and 16 oz. Containers. Era 1915.

== HEMP (Cannabis) SEEDS:

CANNABIS SEEDS (Generic name):

• “Hemp Seed” (generic name) - Williams Co., Inc., Utica, New York: (see picture) sold in drug stores. (~1920) A wonderful bottle made by Owens Illinois in the 1920's and NEVER used. Found in a warehouse in Upstate New York, this bottle was made for A.H. Williams Druggists. The company went out of business in the thirties. Cork and label in excellent condition. Approx. 3 1/2" tall. (picture available)

== APOTHECARY (Bulk Container’s)

• FRENCH APOTHECARY JAR CANNABIS MARIJUANA Fabulous 19^th Century French porcelain apothecary jar. Reads: “Extract: Cannabis Ind” The paper label has seen some wear and so had the gold trim around the rim. The lid has some losses (see photos) and there is still residue inside the bottle. Really quite unusual. The jar measures 20cm (8 in) high with the lid on. Please see the other fabulous apothecary items I have including a matching valerian root (i.e. organic base of valium) as well as one for Eucalyptus extract and one other. I also have absinthe spoons and some 1930s era French medical graphics and advertising. The items are in France. – see picture(s) S9
• ENGLISH GREEN APOTHECARY JAR CANNABIS (see picture) Used to store and publicly display bulk cannabis (Medical Marihuana) for sale in drugstores. This jar (see picture) was found in an English drug store and probably dates to the 1880’s era. SS5

== SMOKING PREPARATIONS: 

ABOUT ASTHMA (Editorial) 

Medical Marihuana increases the supply of oxygen in the blood, a property that did not go unnoticed by western medicine. It was recommended by medical practitioners, as an effective treatment for asthma. It is our understanding that there were numerous brand name products.  

• “CIGARRILLOS INDIOS” (Indian Cigarette) Band of Marihuana cigarettes. Made in Paris, France, they contained Belladona and cannabis indica. They were distributed mostly in Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua to ease asthma and bronchitis. (era 1930’s) source - Drug Enforcement Magazine (Dec. 1980) (poor picture available)
• “Marihuana Cigarette’s” (exact brand name unknown) Mfg. Gimault and Sons - Marketed cannabis cigarette’s as a remedy for asthma – (era unknown)

EXTERNAL MEDICINES:  

ABOUT EXTERNAL USES OF CANNABIS: (Editorial) 

Before being outlawed Cannabis was used as a (for lack of a better concept, a food coloring, but maybe the term coloring agent would be more appropriate) as well as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungus agent. Note that “Da-Ka-Ta Corn” medicine was sold by what today we might call a “quack medicine” man (see story of the Da-Ka-Ta man in another chapter, his picture in on the web site).  

== COLLODIUM’S / CORN SOLVENT/ REMEDIES:

• “CORN COLLODIUM” (Generic name) -(Mfg. by Squibb company) (era 1938) - E.R. Squibb & Sons Squibb Corn Collodion Amber glass screw cap bottle; Specification for Squibb. Contents have crystallized; "for over eighty years the name of Squibb has justly been accepted by physicians, pharmacists and the discriminating public as a guaranty of purity, accuracy and trustworthiness. Specification for Squibb. This dates the box/bottle to around 1938 since Squibb was established in 1858. This treasure is would be coveted by any serious pharmacy/medical collector SM-2, SS7
• “CORN COLLODIUM” P. R. B. I. (era 1938) SM-2
• “APEX CORN REMEDY” – (Mfg. by Geo. Please Sebastopol, Ca.) Label reads (see picture) “Apply night and morning for 5 days, ten soak feet in warm water and corn and be removed with dull point of knife or finger nail.” (Era ??) See picture Mcorn2.
• CORN SOLVENT - with Cannabis : Unique drugstore item made for Sayville Pharmacy - container is a glass cylinder - label is intact without any fading or tears but is shown loose - thought to be about 60 -70 years old - original rubber cap shows age item is a collectible only and not intended for human, animal or other use about 2" tall ....(see picture Mcorn1).
• “DA-KA-TA CORN MEDICINE” 1-100 per cent Cannabis. Da-Ka-Ta Medicine Co. PO Box 17, Indianapolis Ind. Price 25 Cents (see Picture MdaKaTa?).S3
• Collodium Salicvllcum Compound (as found in the “National Formulary”) - Cosadein (Parke Davis & Co.) (era 1938) SM-2
• “Gaitor Korn Killer” Mfg. By L. A. Thomas Drug Co. Macon, Ga. Corner of 4th and Arch Sts. 3 phones 202, 1082 and 851.

Ext. Cannabis 2 grs. Per oz.

Ether 300 mis. Per oz.

Alcohol not over 25 per cent

Price = 25 cents (See Picture MGaitorCorn)

• SEABURYS CORN PLASTER TIN - This is a very hard & very early tin to find anymore, yes it's in rough condition but it still displays well and still has lots of color. Tin was manufactured by seabury & johnson new york. It contained extract of cannabis which is a very rare ingredient to have in it's contents. This tin measures 3" by 2" by 1/2" by 1/2" thick. (see pictures) Era Unknown -SS2
• Nealon's Corn Popper CORN REMEDIES! Nealon's Corn Popper contained Ether and CANNABIS (commonly known as marijuana) Nealon's Corn Popper Alcohol, Ether & Extract Cannabis! That's extract of marijuana! Bottle is empty; Carbondale, Pennsylvania SS7

== GONORRHEA / ANTI-BACTERIA PREPARATIONS 

ABOUT CANNABIDIOLIC ACIDS (Editorial): 

Under certain conditions, the Hemp (or Medical Marihuana) plant, can be a good source of Cannabidiolic acids, which (before penicillin) were used for its antibacterial properties. Thus numerous corn plasters, anti-Gonorrhea ointments etc., contained cannabis as one of their active ingredients.  

The following is taken from “A manual of Homeo-Therapeutics” 1932 

“Cannabis sativa has been used almost exclusively for urinary troubles, especially for gonorrhea, in which it should be given at the commencement. It is indicated by extreme soreness of the urethra, so that the patient walks with legs apart, by a moderate discharge of thick, yellow character and by cedema of the prepuce. …. It is equally a remedy for neon-specific urethritis, cystitis, phimosis, leucorrhoea in little girls, and for urethral caruncles. “ 

• “CANNABINE Comp. ” Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

For injection in Gonorrhea. Put up in ½-oz collapsible tubes with urethral pipe.

Per dozen, $5.00 Per pound bulk, $8.00

• CANNABIS-THUJA Comp. Sales Catalog No. 816 Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Formerly Gonorrhea No. 1.

Cannabis Sativa Tr.   2 min.

Merc. Sub. Corr  1/500 gr.

Thuja Tr.   1 min.

$1 per 1,000 $0.60 per 500 

 

VETERINARY PREPARATIONS

ABOUT VETERINARY PREPARATIONS: (Editorial) 

Before the invention of the automobile, the horse was not seen as a family pet, but rather as an important work tool needed in every day life. For a farmer, it was the tractor, for the deliverymen as a truck engine, and for most everyday persons as the equivalent of the automobile. Therefore, it was important to maintain that tool in proper operating condition.  

== VETERINARY COLIC (Horses + Cattle) MEDICINE:

• Colic Mixture Veterinary - (Parke Davis & Co./ Detroit) (era 1938)
• OLD DR SLOANS VET COLIC BOTTLE BOX BOOK CURE: Real nice bim bottles, books, testimonials, even has a glass surreange that works. Bottles are embossed sloan's colic mixture both have different labels one reads alcohol 20% chloral hydrate 18 1/3grs. cannabis indica 36 2/3grs. ect ect the sloan's anti-colic formerly called sloan's sure colic cure for horses and cattle 173303 new name and carton adopted 1914 bottles have residue and org cock stoppers box flap is ripped but there great condition considering the age (era 1914) (see pictures Msloan1,2,3,4,5,6)
• VETERINARY CARMINATIVE DRENCH NO.3 - Mfg. by Sutliff & Case Company, Established 1883 Peoria Illinois. This gorgeous Gallon cork stoppered, amber glass jug is empty. A most certain conversation piece, this glorious gem will tower like a mighty trophy above the other bottles in your collection! -- 13.5inch x 5.5inch diameter. Each fluid ounce represents: Ether 90mins, Cannabis 120gr, Capsicum 30gr, Salicylic Acid 60gr – See Picture:
• RAWLEIGH’S COLIC & BLOAT COMPOUND - Mfg. by the “W.T. Rawleigh Co., Freeport, ILL, USA. Label reads: 90% Alcohol, Each fluid ounce contains extractive matter from: (unreadable) Gr. Cannibus Sativa, Gr. Belladonna Root, 6 Gr. Acoaite Root, 12.3 Gr. Capsicum. USEFUL FOR HORSES & CATTLE Directions: Colic - Give 2 tablespoonfuls in ½ cup of water; repeat this dose in one hour, then every two hours. Do not give more than one bottle to one animal in 24 hours -- CATTLE BLOAT- Give 3 Tablespoonfuls in one quart of raw linseed oil; repeat in necessary in 1 hour. Do not give more than one bottle in 24 hrs. [our thanks to the Stephenson County [IL} historical society museum for their assistance]
• “DR. HESS COLIC REMEDY” Compounded by Dr. Hess & Clark Inc. Ashland, Ohio, U.S.A. Box measures: 6 3/4" by 2 1/4" by 1 1/4" Within this unopened box is a bottle of colic remedy for farm animals. The front of the box quotes original price to be $1.00. The ingredients sound poisionous and include the following: 
  
  Fuid extract of Stramonium, fluid extract of Capsicum, Carbolic Acid, Grain Alcohol not to exceed 55%, Chloroform, and last but not least, the extractive matter from 78 grains of Cannabis Indica. You want to make your donkey kick, give him a dose of this. The condition of the bottle is unknown as the packaged box has never been opened. When I shook the box I could hear the bottle move back and forth. Sounds good. The condition of the outer package is excellent with only minor staining to the paper, a small section of the paper on the bottom has come off about one and a quarter inch by a quarter inch. All in all a great collectible bottle of remedy (See pictures HessColic1,2), Era unknown. -- SS3

MENSTRUAL (Cramps) PREPARATIONS

ABOUT MENSTRUAL PREPARATIONS (Editorial) 

Cannabis was a common ingredient in 19^th century menstrual medicines. It is said that Queen Victoria used Cannabis preparations for her menstrual cramps and PMS.  

== FLUIDEXTRACTS:

• DYSMENINE COMPOUND: Mfg. by the Keysall Pharmacal Company, Kansas City, Missouri. Cannabis Fluid extract for Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual Colic and Cramps. (era unknown) See picture Mdysmenine1. (Note: This was long before Lilly marketed Prozac in another name, Sarafem, for female menstrual troubles.)

== TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS

• “DYSMENTONIC ” Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Each fluid ounce contains Acetanilid, 8 1/5 gr.; Cannabis, 1 ½ gr.; combined with Gelsemium, Viburnum Op., Cimicifuga. Pint, $1.50 gallon, $9.00

• OVARIAN-CANNABIS Comp Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Salel Coated. And S. C. Blue.

Ovarian Substance dess 1 gr.

Sp. Prep. Cannabis  2 min.

Sp. Prep. Hyoscyamus  1 min

Sp. Prep. Piscidia  1 min.

Sp. Prep. Gelsemium  1 min.

An ovarian sedative.

Price, per 1,000; $9.00 per 500, $4.75

• Chlorodyne CT By Abbott Laboratories North Chicago, Illinois. As advertised in their (1935) booklet, “Complete Catalog of Abbott Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals” ingredients for product No. 239:

Morphine Sulphate = 1/25 gr.

Ext. Cannabis = 1/25 gr.

Hyoscyamine Sulphate = 1/4000 gr.

Oleoresin capsicum = 1/250 gr.

Nitroglycerin = 1/500 gr.

Menthol = q.s.

Anodyne and antispasmodic. Useful in colic and cramps.

• Bottle of 100 = $0.50
• Bottle of 1000 = $3.50
• 5000, bulk – per 1,000 = $2.98

SEDATIVES (Pain Relief) MEDICINES: 

 

== FLUIDEXTRACTS:

• INDIAN CANNABIS (Indian Hemp Foreign. Cannabis Sativa (variety Indica). USP): From the laboratory of Wm S Merrell Chemical Co Cincinnati Ohio) Corked amber bottle measures 6" tall (not including the stopper). Small red label on the neck of the bottle that reads: “Poison Indian Cannabis/Indian Hemp-Foreign. Cannabis Sativa (variety Indica). USP. Fluidextract. Part used-The tops of the flowering plant. From the laboratory of Wm S Merrell Chemical Co Cincinnati. In moderate doses a stimulant to the cerebro-spinal nerve centers, its stimulating action is followed by anesthesia and loss of muscular sense. Used to relieve irritation of the genito-urinary tract, and is an excellent remedy in gonorrhea. Cannabis Indica is recommended in migraine, dysmenorrhea, and for insomnia due to alcoholism. Dose: 2 to 20 minims.” (era unknown) see pictures Mbottle1a,b.

== NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS - (ELIXIRS) SOLUTIONS:

• “Cannabis compound (7% Alcohol) Mfg. by Abbott Laboratories North Chicago, Illinois. As advertised in their (1935) booklet, “Complete Catalog of Abbott Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals” ingredients for product No. 7144d:

Cannabis = 7 ½ grs.

Lobelia = 7 ½ grs.

Tartar Emetic = 1/8 gr.

Chloroform = 4 mins.

Syrup Tolu = q.s.

Expectorant and sedative. - Dose – Adults 1 to 2 fluidrams every 1 or 3 hours.

Pint bottle = $1.13

Gallon Bottle = $5.00 

== TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS

• “SEDATIVE No. 1” Sales Catalog No. 1450, Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Sodium Bromide  2 ½ gr.

Potass. Bromide  2 ½ gr.

Ammon. Bromide  2 ½ gr.

Tr. Hyoscyamus  5 min.

Tr. Cannabis  6 min.

$2.50 per 1,000 $1.35 per 500

• “SEDATIVE No. 3” Sales Catalog No. 1454, Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Ext. Sumbul  ½ gr.

Ext. Hyoscyamus  ½ gr.

Ext Valerian  ½ gr.

$3.00 per 1,000 $1.65 per 500

• “BROMIDE AND CHIORAL COMPOUND” (Elixir) By Abbott Laboratories North Chicago, Illinois. As advertised in their (1935) booklet, “Complete Catalog of Abbott Pharmaceuticals and Biologicals” ingredients for product No. 9107:

Chloral Hydrate = 120 grs.

Potassium Bromide = 120 grs.

Ext. Cannabis = 1 gr.

Ext Hyoscyamus = 1 gr.

Sedative, Hypnotic sold in 1 pint bottle $1.73, 1 Gallon bottle $11.40.

• TABLETS SEDATIVE DR. BROWN; (Mfg. Eli Lilly) Tablets Sedative Modified "A" (Era 1938) SM-2

HYSTERIA --- NERVOUS TENSION 

 

== TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS

• “CANNABIS and HYOSCYAMINE Comp.” Sales Catalog No. 1118, Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Formerly Nerve Tonic No. 6.

Ext. Cannabis  1/8 gr.

Hyoscyamine  1/400 gr.

Zinc Phos   1/10 gr.

$2.00 per 1,000 $1.10 per 500

• TRITURATES NO 454 NEURALGIC - Mfg. by Park Davis Two inch tall Cannabis extract bottle made by Parke, Davis, Detroit, Michigan. Part of the label states " 100 tablets triturates No 454 Neuralgic Dr. H J Kenyon CANNABIS EXT. sodium arsenate, strychnine dose one tablet three or four times a day". Some parts of the label are hard to make out. Bottle in good condition with no cracks or chips and regretfully is empty. See picture - SS1

• TABLETS ZINC PHOSPHIDE AND CANNABIS COMPOUND (NEURALGIC, DR. KENYON) (Mfg. Squibb) As Advertised – US Pharmacopoeia: “ These tablets are employed in pains caused by derangement of nerve functions. In neuralgias, sciatica, and spasmodic pains generally; they lessen nerve irritability and excitement, and, by improving the nutrition of the nerves, lend to prevent a recurrence of the neuralgic attacks. “ See picture for Ingredients, sold as either Plain or Chocolate coated tablets. Era –(??)
• INDIAN CANNABIS EXTRACT: - Mrf. By Parke Davis & Co. Chocolate Coated Tablets No. 107 Neuralgic. (era unknown) see picture Mtablets1
• “PILL NEURALGIC”: Mfg. by Brown Sequard (era 1937)
• CANNABIS OPIUM PARKE DAVIS NEURALGIC BOTTLE - A hand blown Parke Davis Neuralgic pain medicine bottle with original label listing the contents as being OPIUM, CANNABIS, BELLADONNA, etc. The bottle is hand blown.amber.square..hand tooled cork top collar...3 3/4"tall....Excellent MINT CONDITION with no chips,damage or stain. The original paper label reads: 100 CHOCOLATE COATED TABLETS NO.299 NEURALGIC Brown Sequard Ext.Hyoscyamus...Ext.Ignatia...Ext.Opium...Ext.Belladonna leaves, Ext.Cannabis...etc. PARKE, DAVIS & CO. WALKERVILLE, ONT.,CANADA. The label is 100% and in excellent condition. Fully guaranteed to be the original label that has been on this bottle for nearly 100 years! This is an excellent old medical bottle for those collecting narcotic or marijuana related items. It is especially interesting seeing the powerful combination of OPIUM, CANNABIS, and BELLADONNA all listed as ingredients that were in this medicine. Neuralgic was a pain killer, so this one must have worked! We fully guarantee the authenticity and provenience of every item as described, as we dig most of our bottles, etc ourselves. (see picture Mneuralgic) SS6

== NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS - (ELIXIRS) SOLUTIONS: 

• BROMIDIA TONIC: --( Note; wording taken directly from an “e-bay auctioneers’ ” sales write-up, opinions expressed are those of the auctioneers’) This wonderful old 1899 ad for Battle and Company's well-known Bromidia Tonic reads:

“Bromidia is a rest-maker for restlessness. It gives consistent Nerve rest, nerve cell rest. It is a hypnotic. Bromidia ads are much harder to find than the other Battle & CO. medications, Iodia, Papine, and Ecthol. I have seen some Bromidia ads that don't list the ingredients.“

Bromidia packed a wallop. You can see in the lower left-hand corner that it contained Chloral Hydrate, Potassium Bromdide, Cannabis Indica, and Hyoscyamus. All of these were known as powerful hypnotics. I suppose they decided all 4 together would surely do the trick! Cannabis Indica is the name used in 19th and early 20th Century medicine for marijuana or Cannabis Sativa. I suppose it is still used today to some degree. The Indica was used to show it was not grown natively and originally referred to India. The ad is guaranteed to be vintage and straight from an old New York Medical Journal. They used high quality paper and it hasn't browned and there is no foxing. It measures 5.5" x 8.5" and is a half-page ad. (see picture) era 1890’s. S11

• CANNABIS-HYOSCYAMINE Comp. Sales Catalog No. 891, Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Formerly Hysteria and Choren.

Cannabis Indica  1/8 gr.

Zinc Phosphide  1/10 gr.

Hyoscyamine Hydrobr 1/400 gr.

$2.50 per 1,000 $1.35 per 500

• “WAMPOLE’S HYPNO-BROMIC COMP” Cannabis Indica ”Mfg. by Henry K. Wampole & company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Bottle is of type known as old "Blown In Mold" 3" tall, paper label says on front physicians sample wampole's hypno-bromic comp. a reliable hypnotic each fluidounce contains: cannabis indica ext.1gr.morphine sulphate 1/4gr.chloral hydrate 96gr.potassiuim bromide48gr.hyoscyamus extract 1gr. prepared solely by Henry k. Wampole & co. Philadelphia u.s.a. on side of bottle dose 1/2-1 fluidram in water or syrup on other side of bottle. Precautions on the use and condition of patient (era unknown) see pictures Mbottle6a,b,c,d.

== Fluidextracts: 

ABOUT AMERICAN CANNABIS BY PARKE DAVIS (Editorial) 

This is probable the most famous Cannabis Bottle in existence and it has quite a story behind it. At first the Parke Davis co. (which is still in existence) refused to admit that they had ever in the past made any medicines with Medical Marihuana. But, old sales brochures (Era 1920) have been found that clearly saw that this was the case. In fact one of them (see picture) clearly shows the bottle in question.  

Normally (given the social stigma associated with Medical Marihuana use) this would not be a big thing. More than one other Drug Mfg. of pre-1937 Medical Marihuana medicines has open denied ever using Cannabis. But this was Parke Davis, the premiere name in Cannabis. It was they who developed the concept of “Physiological Testing” (the use of animals to standardized the potency of a product). One would think that they would have volumes and volumes of material on the subject. It is sad but true that, “An entire science has been lost as a result of the anti Medical Marihuana laws.”  

Note: Several versions of this bottle have been found in old drug stores etc. 

• “AMERICAN CANNABIS extract No. 598” (Fluid Extract) cannabis poison bottle - Description: For your consideration we present an unusual bottle from the past. Purchased from an early drugstore/ pharmacy several years ago and measuring in at 4 7/8 inches tall, and 1 ¾ inches in diameter. The bottle is in excellent condition, no chips or cracks. The paper label is also in very fine condition, the only note here is some very, very minor staining along the top edge of the label. May or may not be visible in the photos, it is very faint. There are no tears or rips to the label, and the label is very firmly attached to the bottle. Bottle dates from 1928, which is the date of the manufacture of the contents, which it does not have. However, there is some residue from the contents on the interior. Label reads: 4 Fl. Ozs. No. 598 Fluid Extract Cannabis, U.S.P. (American Cannabis) Alcohol, 80 per Cent. POISON Strength, physiological and therapeutic action the same as that of Cannabis Indica. Manufactured Apr-14-28 Standardized (By Physiological Assay) A Powerful Sedative and Narcotic. Antidotes-Faradization; cautious use of strychnine. Average dose of the Fld. Extract-1 ½ minims (0.1cc). Formula 2858416 Tincture Cannabis, (American Cannabis) Metric Fld. Ext. Cannabis, U.S.P. 1 ½ fl. Ozs. 50 cc Alcohol, sufficient to make 15 fl.ozs. 500 cc Average dose of Tincture, 12 minims. Parke Davis & Co. Detroit. See pictures MparkDavis2a,b. - S10

Note – same as above.

• CANNABIS, U.S.P. (American Cannabis): – (generic name) Mfg. by Parke, Davis & Co. As advertised in their “1929-1930 Physicians catalog or the pharmaceutical and biological products of Parke, Davis & Co.” = “Fluid extract Cannabis, in common with other of our products that cannot be accurately assayed by chemical means, is tested physiologically and made to conform to a standard that has been found to be, in practice, reliable. Every package is stamped with the date of manufacture. Physiologic standardization was introduced by Park, Davis & Co. This fluid extract is prepared from Cannabis sativa grown in America. Extensive pharmacological and clinical tests have shown that its medical action cannot be distinguished from that of the fluid made from imported East Indian cannabis. Introduced to the medical profession by us. Average dose, 1 ½ min. (0.1cc), Narcotic, analgesic, sedative.” Note Parke Davis made three different varieties: (see picture – era 1930)

• Cannabis Fluid extract No. 598 = 80% alcohol)
• Cannabis Fluid extract No. 106 = 75% alcohol)

== EXTRACTS:

• UTROVOL (Piscidia Compound) Parke Davis & Co. Detroit, Mich. As advertised in their (1927) “Complete Catalog of the products of the laboratories of Parke, Davis & Co” Contains 1 gr. Cannabis ext. as one of the ingredient - Recommended as a treatment for Hysteria. (era 1938) SM-2

== OTHERS (also unknown type):

• NEURALGIC #107 INDIAN CANNABIS – (Mfg. by Parke Davis) - 2½" amber cork style (era unknown)

COUGHS AND COLD MEDICINES  

• “MENTHOLATED COUGH BALSAM” (Mfg. by Parke-Davis Co.) Also called Balsamum Cannabis Indicae Indonal Casadein: (Era 1938) SM-2
• “ONE DAY COUGH CURE” – (Mfg. by Eli Lilly) – Containing Cannabis Indica – (Era ??) Source JAMA journal of the AMMA SM-1
• COSADEIN: Codeine Cough Sedative, Mfg by Parke Davis & company. (era unknown) see picture MparkDavis1.
• “Dr. C.P. DUNCAN'S COUGH – BALSAM” Patent Medicine w/Cannabis. Mfg. by Webb Medicine Co of Nashville, Tenn. A 6" tall aqua in a classic long neck hand blown into mold with a hand formed tall neck and lip with great stress marks on it, fine embossing on the back, and the original label with claims of "A relief for all affections of the throat, lungs and chest such as: colds, coughs, asthma, croup, bronchitis, pains or oppressions of the chest and spitting of blood'. Think of all the people who were fooled by this one Probably one of the items that spurned the 1906 food and drug act...Clearly 1880-1890s stuff here...AND ON TOP OF IT ALL,IT IS STILL FULL FROM OVER 100 YEARS AGO AND ORIGINAL CORK. Ingredients like morphine and cannibus indica, now controlled substance s/ narcotic that would make one FEEL better...are in this one (but those are the only ingredients that are listed in this item!) a classic patent medicine not a pharmacist compounding bottle. It came form an old apothecary drug store form Chicago. (era 1890’s) (see picture Mbottle5a,b.) - S3
• “DR MACALISTER'S COUGH MIXTURE” Note; wording taken directly from an “e-bay auctioneers’ ” sales write-up, opinions expressed are those of the auctioneers’. Patent Medicine Cannabis MINT 4 3/4" tall by John P. Lee Drug House, a Chicago based Medicine Co on W. Harrison & Springfield & 5th Ave. in a classic patent medicine square cathedral sided and dog-eared cornered bottle with the original label also in mint condition with claims that it would fix whooping cough, croup, colds, coughs...especially before bedtime with a teaspoon of sugar for kids!! Think of all the people who were fooled by this one. Probably one of the items that spurned the 1906 food and drug act...Clearly early stuff here...AND ON TOP OF IT ALL, IT IS STILL FULL FROM OVER 100 YEARS AGO, ORIGINAL CORK AND THE VICTORIAN BOX IN GREAT CONDITION. Ingredients like chloroform and cannibus indica, now controlled substance s/ narcotic that would make one FEEL better. are in this one(but those are the only ingredients that are listed in this item WITH ALCOHOL!) a classic patent medicine...not a pharmacist compounding bottle. It came form an old apothecary drug store form Chicago...YOU WILL NOT BE UPGRADING THIS ONE...EVER...Then, note some of the "retail druggists that have it on hand" :Hudnutt's Pharmacy, New York, Drake Bros of Milwaukee, W.J. Bryan of San Francisco, Cal., Burroughs Wellcome & Co. and John Wyeth & Brother of Philadelphia. (era unknown) See pictures Mcough1a,b,c,d.
• MERRILL CANNABIS COMPOUND--( Note; wording taken directly from an “e-bay auctioneers’ ” sales write-up, opinions expressed are those of the auctioneers’) Rare W/Paper Label. Merrill Company "Cannabis Compound" Patent Medicine Bottle. This patent medicine bottle is both a fascinating collectible and rather humorous reminder of just how far the art of medicine has come in a century. Almost certainly pre-dating the Pure Food And Drug Act of 1906, this amber bottle assures the patient that it contains no opiates, however, the ingredients listed include Cannabis Indica (which is just what you think it is), Chloroform, Tartar Emetic, and Methanol. Believe it or not, this concoction was marketed as a cough syrup, with the intended dosage for an adult being one or two ounces every 2-3 hours. What this would do for a cold I have no idea, since the ingredients listed would most likely cause one to simultaneously pass out, space out, and puke while going blind (my, they had good times in those days). “(see picture)
• Old DR. POPPY'S WONDER ELIXIR w/Cannabis SIGN --( Note; wording taken directly from an “e-bay auctioneers” sales write-up, opinions expressed are those of the auctioneers’) This is an AWESOME old Advertising Sign made of heavy steel (approximately 2 lbs) and is a large 11 3/4" wide and 17 3/4" tall. It says DR. POPPY'S WONDER ELIXIR with CANNABIS extract! Along the left side it says "A GLASS in the MORNING is guaranteed to relieve symptoms and leave a pleasant feeling that lasts all day". On the right side it says "the one bottle cure for colds, Coughs, Rheumatism, Head Tension, Gout, Shingles, Influenza, Arthritis." In the lower left it says 2'6 a bottle and not suitable for children. in the center is an image of the bottle with a picture of the cannabis plant on it. On the bottle it says Dr poppy's wonder elixir, with cannabis extract, one bottle cure for (lists the ailments - somewhat faded) and since 1946 and 15 oz. on the bottom. (Era 1946 from England) see picture “MDrpoppy1”.
• "PISO'S REMEDY” Mfg. by Hazeltine & Co.. GREEN CANNABIS INDICA BLOWN LABELED BOTTLE Cute, unembossed rectangular mold blown glass bottle with label which reads "Piso's Remedy a Medicine for Coughs and Colds Extract Cannabis Indica 1/2 Grain Per Ounce...Warren PA....Dr. M.C. Talbott's". The bottle is empty and therefore contains no narcotics or controlled substances. Height 2 3/4"; Circa 1890. (See picture) S4

ABOUT PISO’S CURE FOR CONSUMPTION (Editorial) 

The product bill itself as a cure for consumption (which most assuredly it is not), but despite the name, it is our understanding that the “Hazeltine Co.” (Mfg. of Piso’s cure) was reputable medical manufacturer. It could be that (given that era) the words “cure” and “treatment” were identical at the time. In any case this may have been the product that led to the downfall of the company. See the accompanying chapter (Cannabis Medicines) for a short (but very famous) story about how someone overdosed on the product.  

• PISO'S CURE (for consumption): - Containing Cannabis Indica – Hazeltine & Co.. (era 1917) – (see pictures –Mpiso’s1,2,3) Museum has bottle - treatment for consumption. -- THE PISO COMPANY / HAZELTINE & CO. / PISO'S CURE / 8 (base) Tooled top / 5 1/4" H x 2" D x 1 1/8".Green. Similar to Baldwin #3121. Very minor haze as you can see in the picture. A real beauty! no chips or cracks, near mint! Ingredients page is taken from "The People's Home Library 1917" and is not included. This must have really taken care of your cough! Era 1917 - SM-1

UNKNOWNS: 

EDITORS NOTES: 

The following medicines were all known to have used cannabis (Medical Marihuana) as one of their active ingredients. However, it is not exactly known what the medicines were used for. As more information is gathered they will be moved to the appropriate  

 

== AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS/SWEET OR VISCID SOLUTIONS/SYRUPS 

• Syrup Tolu Compound (Mfg. by Eli Lilly Corp.) With Cannabis as an additive. (Era was in use in 1938) SM-2
• Syrup Lobelia & Tolu Compound (Mfg. by Eli Lilly Corp.) with Cannabis as an additive ingredient (era was in use in 1938) SM-2

== ELIXIR / TONICS: 

• Elixir Bromides & Belledonna Compound (Eli Lilly Corp) (era was in use in 1938)
• Chloranodvne; Elixir Passiflora Compound (era was in use in 1938) SM-2
• Bromidia; Bromidonia Elixir (McNeil) (could be -McNeil Pharmaceutical, Spring House Pa. 19477) (era was in use in 1938) SM-2
• Dr H.JAMES, CANNABIS INDICA, Mfg. by CRADDOCK & CO. Proprietors, No.225 N2d St. Phila Pa. . – (See pictures) embossed bottle. Era- (probable 1890-1900) See pictures MdrJames1,2,3,4a,b,c,d. -- Source of information: - Kovels’ Bottles price list 11^th ed. – pg150. + more than one vender

== EXTRACTS

• “CANNABIS AMERICANA” (Solid Extract) Sold by Eli Lily & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana (era unknown) see picture Mlilly1.

== TINCTURES

• Cannabis Tincture No. 14 = 90% alcohol)
• MARIJUANA MEDICINE CANNABIS POISON BOTTLE: Bottle is in excellent condition,stands 4 3/4" x 2" Dia., paper label is discolored but not torn or damaged in any other way. Label reads as follows...... POISON, 0ne Fourth Pint (118 CC.) TINCTURE No. 17, CANNABIS (Cannabis Sativa) Physiologically tested, Contains alcohol 93 percent, Antispasmodic, Analgesic and Hypnotic, Dose - 10 to 30 minims (.062 to 2 cc.) increased until desired effect obtained. ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, Indianapolis, U.S.A. (Note: Obviously the fact that this preparation is practically the same as Everclear, at 93% alcohol, is what makes it poisonous.)

== TABLETS, CAPSULES, AND PILLS : 

• Tablets Chloranodyne; Tablets Chloranodyne half strength
• Chlorodyne – (generic name) Squibb Company – (a stomachic made by Squibb) (era 1938) SM-2
• Tablets Cannabin Compound (Stoddard) (era 1938) SM-2
• Tablets Hvdrastine Compound (B. & W.) (era 1938) SM-2
• Tablets Menovarian (era 1938) SM-2
• Tablets Orchic Compound (National Drug Co.) (era 1938) SM-2
• Tablets Gano-dyne (era 1938) SM-2
• “CHLORODYNE NO. 1” Cannabis Indica, Mfg. by Henry K. Wampole & Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (era unknown) see picture Mbottle3a,b.
• CHLORODYNE TABLETS – Mfg., Henry K. Wampole & Co. (see picture) era unknown.
• 100 Chocolate Coated Tablets No. 59. - Mfg. by Parke Davis & Co., Detroit Mich, USA. This is a choice and hard to find NARCOTIC/CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE bottle complete with the cute circular cork paper label. (The bottle measures 3.5" high without cork). The label states: "100 Chocolate Coated Tablets No. 59. - "CHLORODYNE" - .MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE..INDIAN CANNABIS etc....Dose....1906 Food and Drug Act.. – (Pictures ParkeDavis3a,b,c,d)
• CHLORODYNE NO. 2 - Mfg by “The Fraser Tablet Company” 4" tall clear square (with dog eared corners) labeled bottle has the Fraser Tablet Co. logo emblazoned on the label in red. The bottle is embossed 'Fraser' on the back, it is hand blown into mold, hand formed neck and lip with great looking stress marks! It has the little instructional label on the back and the front gives the ingredients in Chlorodyne are: Morphine Murate, Cannabis Indica, Nitroglycerin...ect. It contains three of the now harmless tablets that serve as a good example of these early tablets: From an old apothecary pharmacy in Chicago, this bottle from the 1900's is ready to display in your narcotic, hard drug, controlled substance collection. cannibus, cannabus, marijuana. (See pictures Mfraser1, 2) Era 1890 - S12
• Mfg. SHARP & DOHME BALTIMORE --( Note; wording taken directly from an auctioneers sales write-up, opinions expressed are those of the auctioneers’) Bottle is in excellent condition and retains its original stopper, stands 2 5/16", paper label is in excellent condition with only a couple of tiny defects (visible in photo), not torn or damaged in any other way. Label reads as follows... “100 SOLUBLE GELATIN-COATED PILLS”< > EXTRACT CANNABIS INDICA< >1-2 GRAIN< >Dose, 1 PILL< >GUARANTEED UNDER PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT, JUNE 30 1906< >GUARANTY NO. (?)< > PREPARED BY SHARP & DOHME BALTIMORE. ><><><>
• CANNABINE Comp. Sales Catalog No. H434 Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

$2.00 per 100 $18 per 1,000 $9.00 per 500

With Morphine Sulph .. 1/10 gr.

For making injection. Their reliability and promptness in stubborn cases have made the Cannabine Compound one of the most extensively used of our preparations.

The prompt effect of this treatment is most marked after the inflammatory stage has subsided. Give Cubeb Co. Imp. Tablets No. 635 or Cystitis No. 645 internally.

• CANNABINE Comp. Sales Catalog No. 434A Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet without Morphine.

$1.50 per 100 $13 per 1,000  $6.75 per 500

• HEXAMETHOL Comp. Sales Catalog No. 645 Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Formerly Cystitis No. 6. Coated Blue.

Methylene Blue

Cannabis Sat. Sp. Tr.  1/8 min.

Benzoic Acid

Hexamethylenetetramine

Salol

Hyoscyamine 1/2000 gr.

Atropine Sulphate 1/2000 gr.

$3.50 per 1,000 $1.85 per 500

• HEXASALOL Comp. Sales Catalog No. 645A Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Formerly Cystitis No. 7. Coated Pink.

Cannabis Sat. Sp. Tr.  1/8 min.

Benzoic Acid

Hexamethylenetetramine

Salol

Hyoscyamine 1/2000 gr.

Atropine Sulphate 1/2000 gr.

$3.00 per 1,000 $1.60 per 500

• “METHYLENE BLUE Comp. No. 2” Sales Catalog No. 1045A Mfg. By Chicago Pharmacal Co. 5547 E. Ravenswood Ave. Chicago, U.S.A. As advertised in their 1935 sales/price booklet.

Methylene Blue

Cannabine Tannate

Berberine Hydrochiorate

$3.50 per 1,000 $1.85 per 500

• “CANNABOID AND ATROPINE COMPOUND” By Abbott Laboratories, Waukeghan, Illinois. As advertised in their (1925) “Price List of Pharmaceutical and Biologic Products and Fine Medicinal Chemical” Pills, sc, black – cannaboid 1-6 gr., Atropine sulphate 1-250 gr. (era 1925) use unknown?

== OTHERS : 

• INDIAN CANNABIS - powdered extract Mfg. by “John Wyeth & Brothers” Philadelphia. 1890 Wyeth INDIAN CANNABIS Bottle Label+Cork. This is a wonderful, hard to find pharmacy bottle for INDIAN CANNABIS, by John Wyeth & Brothers, with original cork and label. The label, though showing signs of wear and age discoloration is very legible. It reads in part, “Poison / Powdered Extract / No. 19 / Indian Cannabis / Cannabis Indica / Indian Hemp, Foreign / Anticdote: Hot brandy, and water…and the patient be allowed to sleep… / John Wyeth & Brothers / Philadelphia”. The back oval label reads, “Keep well corked and in a cool place.” The lip has a tiny flake on the back, and bottle has minor powder residue, which do no distract. The bottle stands 3 ½” tall, the cork is stuck in place. A nice addition to a pharmacy, apothecary or medical collection, particularly including the early narcotics. This is from a collection of pharmacy items, primarily from the 1890s-1920s which we have had stored for many years (see pictures MWyeth1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Era 1890 SS4
• Cannabin Compound, Red; Cannabin Compound, Green (era was in use in 1938) SM-2
• Allxttire Chloroform & Morphine Compound N. F. V. (era 1938) SM-2
• Cannabin Tannate (B. & W.) (Known as Hydrastina Comp. B. & W.) (era was in use in 1938) SM-2
• T.T. Cannabis 1/4 Gr. (era was in use in 1938)
• CANNABIS INDICA Mfg. by SMITH KLINE PHILA: This is the first one of this kind I have ever seen. The condition is good and I think it is very old although I can not say exactly how old. It came out of a very old pharmacy in Philadelphia and was prepared by smith kline and co. I believe the jar to be porcelain. There is a great deal of crackling and the lid has crack lines and a small piece is missing. The label is almost all there and you can read everything on it. The inside is pretty dirty and you can see it once looks like it contained a black tar like substance. It is empty now. This has been part of my own collection for quite a few years. It has been a unique experience owning it. (see picture - red label) S1
• INDIAN CANNABIS JAR (Narcotic) Marijuana 2" x 1 " Cannabis Indica US Jar in fair to good condition. The jar appears not to have had a lid, but sealed with wax, paper and a string. The original string remains. Cannabis sativa var indica, Foreign Indian Hemp, Gunjah, Hashish, Bhang. Exhilarant, antispasmodic and powerful narcotic. (Note: Cannabis is not a narcotic.) There is no manufacturer listed on the label. See picture “McanJar” S2
• Cannabis w/Contents - 7 " 16 oz clear cork style Bromidia Cannabis Medicine Bottle with 2/3 contents in good condition. The outer wrapper has a label from Law's Drug Store, Columbus, Mississippi, dated 1937. The bottle will have to be emptied prior to shipment because it leaks. Mfg. by Battle and Company, St. Louis, MO.
• Canadian Hemp Apocynum Norwich Pharmical Cannibus medicine bottle circa 1900. Label is faded but still readable and 100% there, still has 3/4 of Original contents. Bottle is brown and is 5" tall w/ a 6.5" circumference. Still has cork in tact. Great find for the collector in this field, will make a super addition to any collection. (see picture) - No other information about product: -S5
• SPECIFIC MEDICINE – (Mfg. By Lloyd Brothers Cincinnati Ohio) Cannabis in Alcohol. (era unknown) (See picture Mbottle1)
• Lloyd's Specific Medicine Co (exact name of product unknown) Cannibus, cannibis was recommended for nervous depression, meloncholia, mental illusions, and forgetfulness. (era 1915) – Note, numerous “specific Medicine products” they did not advertise ingredients – exact product unknown. They also sold cannabis in bulk form. Note, may be the same as above.
• CANNABIS INDICA: Mfr. Squibb, Ground for pecolation- (era unknown) see picture Msquibb1.
• NEUROSINE – (most likely a generic name) Containing Cannabis Indica – (Mfg, era unknown)
• Victor (Victor Infants Relief) - Victor Remedis Co. Fredbrick MD (era unknown)
• Squire's Extract – used to treat typhus and rabies (era unknown)
• Hypno Bromic Compound; Neurosine (era 1938) SM-2
• Neurosine - Eli Lilly (era unknown)
• Cannabinon; Cannobene (generic names)
• Elixir Chloral & Potassium Bromide Compound N. F.
• BROMIDE AND CHLORAL COMPOUND: (could be a generic name) Parke Davis & Co. Detroit, Mich. As advertised in their (1927) “Complete Catalog of the products of the laboratories of Parke, Davis & Co” Contains Cannabis ext. as one of the ingredient. Other ingredients = chloral hydrate, hyoscyumus, potassium bromide. (era 1938) use unknown:

ODD + ENDS -- NOT yet sorted:

= = = = =  

1890's Eli Lilly Opium & Cannabis Drug Bottle

3 3/4" tall square amber paper labeled bottle that remains in very nice condition as you can see by the Eli Lilly & Co. druggists of Indianapolis, Indiana. From an old apothecary pharmacy in Chicago, this bottle from the 1890's period dons the classic factory logo of old, with Lilly imposed in red over the green building. It is a blown into mold, hand formed neck and lip cork top bottle that was for neuralgia, neuralgic, headache, idiopathic that contained OPIUM, (Cannibus, cannabus) CANNABIS and belladonna...yeah, those now controlled substance s should fix them right up! It even has the labels on the back (the Lilly one and the Park Ridge Druggist one). It was a compounding counter item, so it still has the original pharmacist compound info on the label...presenting quite nicely and is ready to display in your apothecary, drug store or hard drug set up. 

= = = = =

Antiques dealers for 17 years specializing in Medical/Apothecary, Advertising, and Black Memorabilia, we welcome communication with fellow ebayers! Please feel free to email us with questions or inquiries at any time (during or after this auction ends)at { Stoneg8atq@aol.com }. This is a choice and hard to find NARCOTIC/CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE bottle complete with the cute circular cork paper label. (The bottle measures 3.5" high without cork). The label states: "100 Chocolate Coated Tablets No. 59. - "CHLORODYNE" - ....MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE..INDIAN CAANNABIS etc....Dose....1906 Food and Drug Act....PARKE, DAVIS & CO., DETROIT MICH, USA." – (Pictures ParkeDavis3a,b,c,d) S4

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= = = =

Beautiful Rare Amber Piso's -Labeled

This little bottle is 5 1/8" in ht.1 side panel says Trade Piso"s Mark.2 panel says Piso Co. Warren, Pa. U.S.A. Very nice honey amber color. The top has metal top with wire clasp.It is free from chips or nicks. It also says on label for coughs and colds. Extract cannabis indica 1/2 Grain per ounce. Chloroform 5 Minims Per Ounce. 

 

= = = = =  

 

 

 

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

APENDIX A: 

GLOSSARY:  

Anodyne = A drug that allays pain (as an opiate or narcotic), soothing, relaxing.

Apothecary = One who prepares and sells drugs for medicinal purposes – now usually referred to as a “druggist” or “pharmacist”.

Capsicum = Cayenne pepper.

Colic = Acute abdominal pain in man or animals caused by spasm or obstruction of the colon.

Collodion = Collodions are liquid preparations containing pyroxylin (a nitrocellulose) in a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol.

Elixir = Elixirs are clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. They contain flavoring substances and, in the case of medicated elixirs, active medicinal agents. Their primary solvents are alcohol and water, with glycerin, sorbitol, and syrup sometimes used as additional solvents and/or sweetening agents. They are prepared by simple solution or admixture of the several ingredients. (USP)

Extract = Extracts are concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained by removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstrua, evaporation of all or nearly all of the solvent, and adjustment of the residual masses or powders to the prescribed standards. (USP)

Fluidextract = Liquid preparations of vegetable drugs, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both, and so made that each ml contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 Gm of the standard drug that it represents. (USP & NF)

Galenical = Extractives obtained from plants such as decoctions, fluidextracts, infusions solid and semisolid extracts, and tinctures.

Menstrual = Relating to a woman’s menstrual cycle.

Narcotic = Opiate drugs which depress the Central Nervous System (CNS) and are used as analgesics, such as heroin, morphine, or codeine.

Neuralgic = A drug used to treat acute pain in the nerves.

NF = “National Formulary” (Mack Printing Co., Easton Pennsylvania), a book listing/detailing generic drugs/medicines in use during publication. The NF is a second compendium of drug names and standards after the USP, begun in 1888 by the AphA.

Sedative = A CNS depressant drug used to sedate a person by allaying irritability, nervousness, or anxiety. Many drugs are sedatives, including narcotics, alcohol, and benzodiazepines like Valium or Xanax.

Tincture = Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances. (USP)

Tolu = Medicinal syrups were made from the bark of this tree. In many cases Cannabis was also added.

Tonic = 19^th Century advertising term for various elixirs.

Vet = Short for a practitioner of veterinary medicine. Remember, there was a time when horses were as important as cars are today for transportation.

U.S.P. = “United States Pharmacopeia” – The first compendium of drugs in the United States. The USP published its first edition in 1820. The USP helped establish a standardized system of drug nomenclature, or drug names, and supplies standards for pharmaceutical preparations.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

APENDIX B: 

PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS 

1. Aqueous Solutions
   1. Waters
   2. Aromatic Waters
   3. Aqueous Acids
   4. Sweet or viscid Solutions
      1. Syrups
      2. Honeys
      3. Mucilages
      4. Jellies
   5. Douches
   6. Enemas
   7. Gargles
   8. Washes
   9. Juices
2. Nonaqueous Solutions
   1. Elixirs
   2. Inhalations and Inhalants
   3. Linements
   4. Oleovitamins
   5. Malt Beverages (beer)
   6. Vinous Liquors (wine)
   7. Spirits (cognac, whiskey)
   8. Sprays
3. Emulsions
4. Suspensions
   1. Gels
   2. Lotions
   3. Magmas and Milks
   4. Mixtures
5. Extractives (concentrates)
   1. Tinctures:
   2. Fluidextracts:
   3. Extracts:
   4. Resins:
   5. Oleoresins:
6. Tablets, Capsules, and Pills

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

APENDIX C: 

Sources of Information: 

• SM-1 = JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association “The Indispensable uses of Narcotics” (Narcotics in Patent Medicines) By Arthur J. Cramp MD – Vol 96, pg1950 – June 6, 1931
• SM-2 = Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey -[1] “Cannabis Indica Prescriptions” pg748 Dec. 1937 and -[2] “Cannabis indica in pharmaceuticals” By (M Sasman ?) Vol.35 pg51 1984

S12 = adman@idcnet.com - Item # 1160926152  

S1 = -Of course you can use my picture and info. It now has a new owner. I can also tell you that it came from my fathers pharmacy in the Frankford section of Philadelphia. It was called Cutler Bros. Pharmacy and before that it was Zeiseg Pharmacy which dated back to the turn of the century. That is where I suspect it originally came from. I had many neat items from there. If you ever do the booklet I would love to have a copy. It also sounds very interesting. Keep in touch. Thanks Michele - Vintage002@aol.com

• S2 = Hello! That would be very nice. Enjoy. Thanks! Scott Miller (oldrx) To: oldtxrx@swbell.net - item: Early Gallon Cork Bottle ETHER & CANNABIS!!
• S3- “Dr. C.P. DUNCAN'S COUGH – BALSAM” Thank you, I received payment of 10.00 for the first picture you requested (Dr. Duncan's Patent Medicine with Cannibis).You have my permission to use the images that you have in your possession of that bottle for any purpose, print or display. Sicerely,Dale Stolldorf - adman@idcnet.com
• S4 - StoneG8Atq@aol.com writes: Sure, let me know when and where your exhibit is going to be displayed. Dave
• S5- Canadian Hemp Apocynum corforbin@aol.com

S6- cpratt@capecod.net Carl Pratt No problem. Use the pictures. If you want more I can send them. What type of exhibit are you promoting ? - Carl 

S7 - Hello Andrew! Yes, you may use copies of these items. Please tell me about the booklet. I sure would like to have a copy! All The Best, Craig - maxwellhouse@dellnet.com 

S8- Certainly--a credit would be nice. Would you like me to send you the original scans of the photos? I believe they are somewhat higher in resolution than eBay displays. For that matter, I can take higher resolution shots for you without any problem. This item has attracted the most incredible amount of attention of anything I have sold in ages--now if only someone would BID!! Thanks for writing--Dave johngalt@cpinternet.com 

• S9- “French Apothecary jar CANNABIS “Yes, please do so. I do need to make a name for myself in the world so if you want to add a little "photo by..." or "from the collection of..." I'd get a kick out of that. Also, what do you think of the item? It was a very lucky find I think. Cordially, Julia Diamond - gt@intrepid.net
• S10- “AMERICAN CANNABIS extract No. 598” Dear Andrew, Do not know that much about the bottle, but will tell you what I do know. I collect bottles, have for over 30 years now. During that period of time, have purchased the contents of several drug stores which for one reason or another were going out of business. I bought the junk in the basement, the attic, ect. This bottle came from one of them, do not recall which one. Have had perhaps 30 or 40 of these paper labeled bottles, but this is the only one which refered to cannabis. In the bottle collecting world it would not warrant a second glance, as it is too new, not embossed ect. Sold nearly all the others for 5 dollars each. Only held onto this one for conversation, but have so much! Some things have to go, and this is one. Knew that folks do look for this type of item, so figured that eBay would be a good choice. As for a picture, the only side worth a picture is the one seen on eBay. The other sides are all blank, no label, no embossing, nothing. You may want to try contacting the FOHBC in regards to pharmacy/drug store collectables, as this is a popular collecting area in bottles. You can find examples dealing with morphine, cocaine, cannabis, opium, ect. by getting various mail/phone auction catalogues from sources such as McMurrays in NY. Try GlassWorks Auctions too. Antique Bottle & Glass Collector magazine would be a good bet. Regards, Mark Smith beswickquarterly@yahoo.com > On Tue, 27 Feb 2001 18:33:43 -0800 (PST) Laura --- Rock-Smith > <beswickquarterly@yahoo.com> writes: > > If you will give credit yes you may have our permission to use the photos - I can get you a higher dpi if you need. Sincerely, Laura
• S11- BROMIDIA TONIC Title of item: 1899 ad for Bromidia, Nerve Tonic w Hi Andrew...sure, you can use it and I don't need credit. But thanks for asking. Where will the exhibit be? Thanks, Sophia - sophiaturner@juno.com
• SS1 - Email questions to h39trading@aol.com.
• SS2 - sure why not!! Unique tin i just wish it was in better condition. B.j. - On Fri, 8 Jun 2001 17:53:57 EDT BJS5ANDDIME@aol.com writes:
• SS3 - never opened Item # 1163383732 auctioneer techtique
• SS4 - Yes of course you may use the photos. I still have this bottle (not shipped yet) if you need a better photo. I think I was a bit rushed when taking it, as the photo could be better. I can take another and send as an attachment if needed. Might I ask which images are of interest for your exhibit, and the topic of the exibit? All the best, Valorie - valorie19@hotmail.com
• SS5 - TINCT. CANNIB. IND. (POISON) English-style Label Under Glass for marijuana (Cannabis Indica). rlynch@antiquebottles.com.
• SS6 - Yes, you can use any pictures of mine you want. Thanks. Good luck and God bless you with your project. Cordially, Digger Dave & Debbie Beeler 3824 Redbud Dr. Imperial, MO 63052 digrdaveb@aol.com

NOTE: NO PERMISSION GIVEN:

HI! Please send me your name and address, and also the museum you are doing this for, and also I would like a copy when the Index is completed. I will then send you a note or authorization. Thanks, Gary gt@intrepid.net

“Indian Cannabis Jar (Narcotic) Marijuana

• SS7 - oldtxrx@swbell.net (no contact was returned on this call)

Chicago Daily Tribune: June 3, 1927 - Pg. 20 

BAN ON HASHISH BLOCKED DESPITE RAAGES OF DRUG

- Bill Passed by House Is Held in Committee. 

The peddling of a dangerous, habit forming drug not now specifically forbidden either by state of federal authorities will continue to be legal in Illinois unless the state senate adopts a bill, passed by the house, forbidding its use. 

The sale of the drug flourishes in and around Chicago in the form of cigarets known as “muggles” or “loco weed.” It is also known by its Mexican name, “marijuana,” and as “moota” and grifa.” The number of addicts is growing alarmingly, according to the authorities, because of the ease with which it can be obtained. The habit was introduced a dozen years ago or so by Mexican laborers, it is stated, but it has become widespread among American youths and girls, and even among school children. 

In an effort to curb the sale of the drug under a state statute making it a misdemeanor to sell cigarets containing material deleterious to health, two alleget sellers of marijuana cigarets will be arraigned this morning before Municipal Judge McCarthy in Town Hall court. The defendants are Harry Johnson, owner of a cigar store at 940 Lawrence avenue, and Richard Drake. 932 Lawrence avenue, who were arrested last night in a raid on the cigar store after a complaint had been received that such cigarets were being sold there. 

Drug Grows Freely Here.  

“Muggles” is hashish, a drug which has been one of the curses of India and other oriental countries for generations. It is a derivative of Indian hemp, known botanically as Cannabis indica. One of the dangerous factors in efforts to forbid the use of the drug is the fact that Indian hemp is easily grown in this climate. 

The seeds, brought by Mexicans and planted in tiny patches near the box car homes of the laborers, brought heavy harvests, and now investigations disclose that fields of it are being grown to satisfy the ever increasing demand. 

There being no legal ban such as makers other drugs scarce, “loco weed” is cheap. The rush of its popularity in Chicgo and all over the country since the oncoming of prohibition is partly explained by the price of the cigarets, three for fifty cents, or 25, or at most 30 cents apiece.  

Sold in Ordinary Stores. 

It is common knowledge that thousands of workingmen smoke the weed in South Chicago, in Blue Island, in Kensington, and other outlying districts, and it can be purchased in restaurants, drug stores, and poolrooms. The rooming house section of south Canal street is another center. The fifth and sixth hundred blocks of South State street have their hangouts and their addicts, or “muggleheads” as they are called. West Madison street and portions of North Clark street have their addicts. Even the loop itself is invaded, with shop girls and waitresses its chief victims, it is said. 

The dangers of the drug are said to have little recognition in Chicago even by the police who daily watch its peculiar effect on its victims. The effects of a “muggles” smoke is similar to cocaine. The addict becomes garrulous, with his flight of ideas enormously increased. He has a distinct sense of well being and of merriment, and the earliest manifestations of his “jag” come out usually in expressions of wild extravagance and in silly giggling. 

Official Tells Dangers 

L.F. Fouche, head of the New Orleans division of federal narcotics at the time that city rounded up thousands of marijuana peddlers and addicts in a campaign that eventually put through a state law against its sale and use, told of the dangers of the drug. 

“Young people have taken to smoking these cigarets with avidity,” he said, The effect is astonishingly like that of cocaine.  

William d. Allen, United State narcotic agent in charge of the Chicago area, declared last night that the task of convincing Chicagoans of the seriousness of the hold of marijuana on this community seemed hopeless, adding that without federal, state, or city provisions the officers of the law are helpless.  

The bill was introduced at Springfield against the sale of marijuana by Attorney Roy Juul of Chicago. It is known as house bill No. 157 and it passed the house. But the bill has been waylaid in the senate committee by, Senator John J. Boehm, a Chicago druggist who declared that the seed of the plant is used as bird seed. 

kaempfer Gives View. 

Fred W. Kaempfer, of the bird supply concerns bearing his name, said last night that although hemp seed is used as bid seed, that it is not a necessary food, that no variety of birds would suffer if deprived of the diet. The hemp seed used for bird food does not belong to the hashish variety, as far as I know, he concluded. 

Mr. Juul stated last night that he will take no chances of the bill against marijuana being caught in the last minute jam at Springfield this week. In case Mr. Boehm continues his opposition in the senate committee Mr. Juul intimated that he would be to amend this bill so the seed would not be affected. He believes that with the legislature fully awakened to the Chicago situation over this drug even the amendment can be made in ample time for return to the house for concurrence so that the bill will be on Gov. Emmersons desk before adjournment Friday.  

Picture on last page:

Caption reads - “GATER HABIT FORMIN DRUG WHILE THE LEGISLATURE DELAYS ACTION. Mexicans gathering “marijuana,” which is hasheesh, in the southern part of city. Meantime a bill banning the drug is held p in a state senate committee. 

 

WARNING:

Due to poor copy quality of some our reprints, mechanical (word) mistakes could have been made. If any are found please correct us. Whenever possible the spelling has been left as is.

Rockford Morning Star Feb. 16, 1938

Gun Girls’ Get Life For Murder In $2.10 Holdup”

Newark, N. J., Feb. 15--(AP) 

Mrs. Ethel Strouse Sohl, policeman’s daughter, and Genevieve Owens, her companion in a $2.10 holdup during which a bus driver was slain were convicted of first degree murder tonight by an all-male jury which recommended mercy. 

The verdict, reached after three hours and 44 minutes deliberation, makes life terms mandatory for both the girls. 

Mrs. Sohl, 20 based her defense on an insanity plea in that she was under the influence of marihuana during her brief crime career. 

Miss Owens, 18, testified during the eight-day trial that she remained in an automobile while Bunny Sohl shot and robbed William Barhorst as he stopped his bus in suburban Belleville Dec. 21. 

Tears In Eyes 

Tears came to “Bunny’s” eyes and she pressed a green handkerchief to her face as Jury Foreman Zoltan Zilahy, 28 of Butley, replted to Common Pleas Judge Daniel J. Brennan: 

“Yes, we find both defendants guilty of murder in the first degree, but with the recommendation of life imprisonment at hard labor.” 

Miss Owens cried, wet her lips with her tongue, drying them quickly with nervous dabs of a white handkerchief. 

Patrolman Frank Strouse of Newark, “Bunny’s” father, who testified in her defense, bit his lips as he checked himself from crying. His wife had gone home to await the verdict. 

Judge Brennan thanked the jury, all of whom were married men, for performing what he called “never a longer, more gruelling; difficult task.” 

“You have reached to your very great credit,” he said “what the court conceives to be a just verdict on the facts of the case.” 

Mrs. Mary Kelly, a matron, led the girl-defendants quickly out a side door of the court room. 

Undecided On Appeal 

The girl’s attorneys said they were undecided whether to appeal. Counsel for Mrs. Sohl and Miss Owens had asked for acquittal. 

Judge Brennan told the jury two other verdicts were possible--first degree murder, with the death penalty mandatory, and first degree murder, with a recommendation for life imprisonment. 

Outlining the law, which defines a slaying during commission of a felony as first degree murder, punishable by death unless the jury recommends mercy, Prosecutor William A. Wochenfeld requested a “verdict on the law in accordance with the dictates of your conscience.” 

Mrs. Sohl, blonde, boyish and a former athlete, testified she shot William Barhorst, 34 in his bus at suburban Belleville last Dec 21. 

She pleaded “insanity” saying continual smoking of marihuana cigarets made her unable to distinguish right from wrong. 

 

Chicago Tribune July 1, 1928

New Giggle Drug Puts Discord in city Orchestras - (Emit Sour Notes After Smoking Weed.) By Thomas Wren 

“Add a jolt of ‘muggies’; to the artistic temperament of your journeyman musician and you’ve got a discord,” says James c. Petrillo, president of the Chicago Federation o Musicians. “Muggles” is causing me a lot of trouble; In fact, it’s the greatest problem I have just now. 

“What is it?” Why mariajuana* (Mary Jane)--the Mexican drug. It’s related to Indian hemp or hasheesh the dope so common in India and Persia. Botanically it is called cannabis indica. Chicago addicts to the Mexican form of the drug smoke the dried leaves in the form of cigarette. “You see, I know something about it--had to, to deal with it.” 

Hundreds of Chicago Addicts. 

Petrillo said that there are probably several hundred musicians in Chicago addicted to “Muggles” As he was talking the telephone rang. “Hello!” he shouted into the receiver. And then: “Well, fire them; Fire them on the spot!”

“That was the orchestra leader at the ______” he said, naming a large loop theater. “Two of ‘em under it. Well, I’ll not protect them.” 

He explained that many of the musicians were obtaining the drug at places in the 500 and 600 block on South State street. They pay 25 and 30 cents for each ‘muggles’ cigaret**,” he said, and one cigaret will produce a tremendous jag, almost a spree. 

Investigation disclosed that the use of mariajuana had spread rapidly and become prevalent both in Chicago and over the country in the last few years. Maj. Joseph Manning, in charge of the local federal narcotic division, says there is nothing in the federal or Illinois law against the use of it. 

Grown on city Outskirts. 

“There are two large fields in which it is grown right on the outskirts of Chicago,” he said. “The Mexicans who cultivate it gather it in September and dry it for use. The leaves are about one inch long and one-quarter as wide.” 

“It is an old drug, but it was generally introduced into the country only a few years ago by the Mexicans. It is like cocaine. In the long run it bends and cripples its victims. A sort of creeping paralysis results from long use. A few states have laws against it. California a stringent one. There should be provision against it in the Harrison anti-narcotic law.” 

Dr. W. A. Evans, health director of this newspaper, says there is evidence the use of the drug is spreading rapidly. The name “Muggles” comes from Louisiana. There are thousands of the addicts in Louisiana, Dr. Evans said. 

Addicts See Visions. 

“A person under the influence of the drug,” he continued, “acts as one intoxicated. But they are more dangerous. In an old book, Dr. H. C. Wood of the University of Pennsylvania, who experimented with it tells of its effects. 

“He says that visions float before the eyes. There is a curious detachment as though the mind were divorced from the body.” 

Dr. Evans added often there is giggling and laughter present in addicts. This was told to Peterillo.  

“That’s what the orchestra leaders tell me,” he replied. They’ll see a fellow sitting in the orchestra giggling and giggling to himself. Then out will come the wild, sour notes. And when he asks the musician about it he simply keeps on giggling.” 

* spelling is Mariajuana:

**spelling is cigaret: 

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